Volume I of Philosophy and Development of Religion focuses on the relationship between religion and morality in its historical and philosophical context. Pfleiderer argues for an interpretation of history and nature which is teleological and indicative of God’s ultimate purpose in the world: humanity reaching an ideal state. He dispels an understanding of miraculous divine intervention in the world and Calvinistic providentialism, as well as a doctrine of original sin which defines individuals as inherently guilty. Instead, Pfleiderer places the onus of fulfilling God’s purpose on humanity’s fostering that which is morally good in society. This is facilitated by learning from the revelation of the Logos through history and the natural order. Critics of Pfleiderer’s lectures, including Robert Rainy, Dr Marcus Dodds and Rev. Professor Orr, accused him of stripping Christianity of its supernatural elements.