The lectures discuss some central themes in contemporary analytic philosophy, with special attention to the theory of knowledge. They contain both a historical and a theoretical reconstruction, including the author’s own original contributions, of debates on issues such as the status and structure of perception of the physical world, the nature of logical necessity, the notion of causality and its links with law-like generalizations as well as with probabilistic theories of the uniformity of the natural world, the mind-body problem, and the ontological commitments of logic and mathematics. The author also discusses the aim and scope of philosophy as an exercise in conceptual analysis.